![]() ![]() 21, 22 There is now a large body of evidence that diverse autoantibody classes are produced in acute COVID-19 as well as post-COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Already in the early phases of the pandemic, it became obvious that the SARS-CoV-2 virus shifts adaptive immunity toward autoreactivity. 20 Another potential biological correlate of PASC may be autoimmune tissue damage. 19 Yet, direct evidence pointing to a role of such potential reservoirs in PASC, as well as on the effects of their eradication, e.g., via post-infection vaccination, is currently lacking. This hypothesis has been fueled by the observation that some infected patients do not rapidly clear the virus, 15, 16, 17, 18 which is in line with the observation that post-acute viral persistence is a relatively common feature of RNA viruses (e.g., Ebola and hepatitis C virus) and has also been discussed in the context of chronic symptoms or reactivated disease. While some of the delayed symptoms may be a consequence of virus-induced tissue injury affecting multiple organs, 13, 14 another potential trigger has been proposed to result from persistent SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs. The pathophysiology of PASC after mild or moderate infection is still largely unexplored, 6, 8 may differ from PASC after intensive care treatment with respect to affected population groups and symptoms, 12 and targeted treatment approaches are lacking. Given more than 400 million SARS-CoV-2 infections counted globally in early March 2022 by the World Health Organization, the impact of PASC will likely be profound. The immense numbers of COVID-19 survivors with post-infection disability that prevents these individuals from returning to normal active life added another layer in this health crisis beyond the threat of exhausting intensive care unit capacities. 6, 7, 8, 11 Symptoms may persist for months and their severity can range from mild to debilitating. 6, 7 The clinical spectrum of PASC includes fatigue and exercise intolerance, brain fog, shortness of breath, joint pain, fever, sleep and anxiety disorders, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms and palpitations. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 The most common definition of such post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is persistence of symptoms beyond 4 weeks. ![]() 3, 4, 5 With a growing population of recovering patients, it became clear that in 32% to 87% of patients (including those with mild acute disease), health impairments persist beyond the acute phase of infection. 1, 2 COVID-19 is now recognized as a multi-organ disease with considerable mortality in risk groups. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has led to a health crisis of global scale. Blood profiling and single-cell data from early infection suggest the induction of these cytokines in COVID-19 lung pro-inflammatory macrophages creating a self-sustaining feedback loop. PASC is not associated with autoantibodies, but with elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF plasma levels, which we confirm in a validation cohort with 333 additional participants and a longer time from infection of 10 months. Of those, 67.8% report PASC, predominantly consisting of fatigue, dyspnea, and concentration deficit, which persists in 60% over the mean 8-month follow-up period and resolves independently of post-infection vaccination. We report the first 318 participants, the majority thereof after mild infections. Using a digital epidemiology approach, we recruited 8,077 individuals to the cohort study for digital health research in Germany (DigiHero) to respond to a basic questionnaire followed by a PASC-focused survey and blood sampling. Of those, 437 patients were in the ICU and 211 patients with COVID-19 were on ventilators.Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is emerging as global problem with unknown molecular drivers. How much protection does the COVID-19 vaccine offer? How vaccinated people should approach seeing othersĪs of Thursday night, 1,915 patients in Illinois were reported to be in the hospital with COVID-19. Earlier this week, Walgreens' site crashed when individuals who wanted the vaccine rushed to sign up. They are prioritizing healthcare workers, those over 65 and those with preexisting conditions. Illinois vaccines and vaccination appointments remain scarce even after Walgreens joined the effort Friday as the state reported 2,598 new cases and 32 deaths the day prior.ĬHICAGO (WLS) - Select Walgreens across the state will begin vaccinating those eligible against COVID-19 Friday as the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) reported 2,598 new confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19, including 32 additional deaths ![]()
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